Anders celsius history

Celsius continued his astronomical studies during his time in Uppsala, sometimes in collaboration with his contacts in Paris. Along with Olof Hiorter -he was one of the first to find a correlation between compass deviations and the aurora borealis. He also tried to covert Sweden to the Gregorian calendar, though he was unsuccessful in this regard.

Celsius served as secretary of the Royal Society of Sciences at Uppsala until his death and was responsible for reviving the Society when he returned to Uppsala in after the Lapland expedition. He intended to begin with the zodiac constellations since a more accurate determination of these was necessary in order to improve the solar, lunar and planetary tables.

Unfortunately the Uppsala Observatory was not well suited for this task, as the stars of the zodiac never rise high above the horizon and observing on bright summer nights was troublesome. On the other hand, the view to the south was obscured by the cathedral and the hill. His death due to tuberculosis inat not yet age 43did not allow him to complete this project.

His health had degenerated because of his expeditions in harsh conditions and continuous observations in the cold of the night. He died at 7 o'clock in the morning on 25 April and was buried in the Old Uppsala Churchyard. We quote from [ 11 ] regarding Celsius's character:- Celsius was a versatile man. He wrote Swedish and Latin verses.

Always happy and cheerful, no anders celsius history how busy he was, he never seemed to be in a hurry. References show. R Outhier, Journal d'un voyage au Nord en et Paris, Biography of Anders Celsius, Uppsala University. Auctore Andrea Celsio, Philosophical Transactions 41 -- Additional Resources show. Other pages about Anders Celsius: Miller's postage stamps.

Honours show. Cross-references show. Other: Jeff Miller's postage stamps. Last Update November For years it was simply referred to as the Swedish thermometer. In most of the world adopted the hundred-point scale, calling it the Celsius scale. On April 25,at the age of forty-two, Anders Celsius died of tuberculosis, a terrible disease that attacks the lungs, bones, and other body parts.

He left behind many dissertations long writings on astronomy, as well as a well-received book entitled, "Arithmetics for the Swedish Youth," published in But for all of his accomplishments in his life's work of astronomy, the name Celsius is forever tied to an instrument used every day throughout most of the world. Bruno, Leonard C. Math and Mathematicians.

Detroit : Gale, Shimek, William J. The Celsius Thermometer.

Anders celsius history: He was professor of

MinneapolisMN: Lerner, A nders Celsius opened Sweden to modern European science and initiated reforms in his country's astronomy curriculum. Known as the founder of Swedish astronomy, he is today remembered for establishing the centigrade scale, which bears his name. Celsius was born in Uppsala on November 27, He studied astronomy and mathematics, and in became secretary of Uppsala's Scientific Society.

After teaching mathematics for a few years he succeeded his father as professor of astronomy at Uppsala University An ecclesiastical ban on teaching of Copernican theory and lack of astronomical instruments in Sweden obliged Celsius to travel abroad to complete his studies and practical training. His first stop was the new observatory in Berlin where he assisted Christfried Kirch in taking observations He then traveled to Nuremberg where he initiated an international astronomical review and published his aurora boerealis observations.

His arrival in Paris coincided with an ongoing debate over Earth's shape. Most Academy of Science members supported Descartes' theory; but, Pierre Louis Maupertuis spoke out in support of Newton More accurate measurements were required to settle the matter. In Charles-Marie La Condamine proposed an expedition to measure Earth's curvature where it was expected to be greatest—the equator.

Anders celsius history: Celsius was professor of astronomy

His expedition departed in May Maupertuis proposed a similar expedition to measure Earth's curvature in the Arctic. Celsius, having already made Maupertuis' acquaintance, was consulted about a suitable location. Preliminary anders celsiuses history made, Celsius left for London in July with the dual purpose of continuing with his studies and purchasing instruments for the expedition.

He departed England in April and soon after sailed from Dunkerque with Maupertuis' expedition. Their work was completed in less than a year, with their measurements supporting Newton's theory. But their work was challenged, and Celsius participated in the ensuing debate. The matter was only decisively settled in Newton's favor with the return of La Condamine's expedition Upon resuming his academic post at Uppsala inCelsius undertook the establishment of Sweden's first modern observatory, which opened in December While engaged in this project, Celsius also attempted to determine the magnitude of stars in the constellation Aries by purely photometric means and worked at reforming academic instruction of astronomy.

From early on Celsius began taking daily meteorological measurements. His research also involved the study of auroral phenomena, which he conducted with his assistant Olof Hiorterand he was the first to suggest a connection between the aurora borealis and changes in the magnetic field of the Earth. He observed the variations of a compass needle and found that larger deflections correlated with stronger auroral activity.

At Nuremberg inhe published a collection of observations of the aurora borealis made by himself and others over the period — Celsius traveled frequently in the early s, including to Germany, Italy and France, when he visited most of the major European observatories. In Paris he advocated the measurement of an arc of the meridian in Lapland.

Inhe participated in the expedition organized for that purpose by the French Academy of Sciencesled by the French mathematician Pierre Louis Maupertuis — to measure a degree of latitude. The expeditions confirmed Isaac Newton 's belief that the shape of the Earth is an ellipsoid flattened at the poles. Inhe published the De observationibus pro figura telluris determinanda Observations on Determining the Shape of the Earth.

Anders celsius history: Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer,

Celsius's participation in the Lapland expedition won him much respect in Sweden with the government and his peers, and played a key role in generating interest from the Swedish authorities in donating the resources required to construct a new modern observatory in Uppsala. His thermometer was calibrated with a value of 0 for the boiling point of water and for the freezing point.

Ina year after Celsius's death, the scale was reversed by Carl Linnaeus to facilitate more practical measurement. Celsius conducted many geographical measurements for the Swedish General map, and was one of earliest to note that much of Scandinavia is slowly rising above sea level, a continuous process which has been occurring since the melting of the ice from the latest ice age.

However, he wrongly posed the notion that the water was evaporating. He began his "grand tour", lasting for four years, inand he visited during these years almost all the notable european observatories of the day, where he worked with many of the leading 18th century astronomers. The expeditons confirmed Newton 's belief that the shape of the earth is an ellipsoid flattened at the poles.

Celsius' participation in this expedition made him famous and was important in his efforts to interest the Swedish authorities in donating the resources necessary to build a modern observatory in Uppsala. He was successful, and the Celsius observatory was ready inequipped with instruments purchased during his long voyage abroad, comprising the most modern instrumental technology at that time.

In those days geographical measurements, metereological observations and other things, not considered as astronomy today, were included in the work of an astronomy professor.