Marie-louise dubreil-jacotin biography of michael

View full biography at MacTutor. Branches History Index. Mathematical Profile Excerpt : Marie-Louise took the baccalaureate in elementary mathematics and at this stage encountered a particularly good piece of luck. But the decree of the ministry published afterwards in the official journal named twenty male students at the top and then Marie-Louise at the head of the Bousiers de licence.

It was from her mother that Marie-Louise received her early education, in particular in singing and painting [ 2 ] Marie-Louise took the baccalaureate in elementary mathematics and at this stage encountered a particularly good piece of luck. This College, named after the French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal, had special mathematics classes to which girls were not allowed entry, but M Coulom was persuaded by his daughter to make an exception in the case of Marie-Louise.

At this school she was taught with the exceptional mathematics teacher George Milhaud. Her father had been ill for some time and the strain of seeing him nearing the end of his life made it difficult for her to take full advantage of the opportunity the school gave her. When she took the university entrance examinations she did not do sufficiently well to gain a place in Paris and was only given a Bourse de licence which allowed her to enter higher education outside Paris.

But the decree of the ministry published afterwards in the official journal named twenty male students at the top and then Marie-Louise at the head of the Bousiers de licence. This decree had moved her down to 21 st place. He took up the case with Herriot and he discussed it with Cavalier who had recently been appointed as Head of Higher Education.

He was clear as to what must happen [ 2 ] :- I do not know who has done this. But she should be careful.

Marie-louise dubreil-jacotin biography of michael: Marie-Louise Dubriel-Jacotin ( - ) was

She is going to create a precedent and traditions. On her will depend what we will be able to decide concerning future candidates. She was able to begin her studies inalthough it took until February of the following year before she was able to formally matriculate. Lebesgue and Hadamard were among the lecturers who taught her during her outstanding three undergraduate years.

Jacotin graduated in She had been attracted by the course on fluids given by Villat and he now advised her to go to Oslo to study with Vilhelm Bjerknes who had been appointed to the chair of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Oslo three years earlier. Bjerknes had published his most important work On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion in and at the time that Jacotin visited him he was working on a project to write a large textbook on theoretical physics which he hoped Jacotin would translate into French.

It was a project that Bjerknes never completed. Jacotin returned to Paris where she married Paul Dubreil on 28 June She met Emmy Noetherwhom she would later pay tribute to in her article Portraits of women mathematiciansand in Rome during the winter term of - 31 she met Levi-Civita who was working on similar problems in fluid mechanics which interested her [ 2 ] :- She told him about an important difference between the irrotational wave he had just described of a ideal liquid with a free surface and a rotational wave which Gerstner had described a long time before the cycloidal wave.

Marie-louise dubreil-jacotin biography of michael: Chronological Biographies Index. Mathematicians are listed

This provokes a movement of mass in deep layers. Levi-Civitasurprised and interested, encouraged her to continue her studies. She established the existence of an infinity of waves, those of Gerstner and Levi-Civita being two examples. This would be her thesis. Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin 7 July — 19 October was a French mathematicianthe second woman to obtain a doctorate in pure mathematics in France, the first woman to become a full professor of mathematics in France, the president of the French Mathematical Societyand an expert on fluid mechanics and abstract algebra.

Marie-Louise Jacotin was the daughter of a lawyer for a French bank, and the grand-daughter through her mother of a glassblower from a family of Greek origin. Her teachers there included Henri Lebesgue and Jacques Hadamardand she finished her studies in With the encouragement of ENS director Ernest Vessiot she traveled to Oslo to work with Vilhelm Bjerknesunder whose influence she became interested in the mathematics of waves and the work of Tullio Levi-Civita in this subject.

She returned to Paris inmarried another mathematician, Paul Dubreiland joined him on another tour of the mathematics centers of Germany and Italy, including a visit with Levi-Civita. The Dubreils returned to France again in While her husband taught at Lille, Dubreil-Jacotin continued her research, finishing a doctorate in concerning the existence of infinitely many different waves in ideal liquidsunder the supervision of Henri Villat.

Following her husband, she moved to Nancybut was unable to obtain a faculty position there herself because that was viewed as nepotism; instead, she became a research assistant at the University of Rennes.

Marie-louise dubreil-jacotin biography of michael: ( - ) Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin;

Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin was a French mathematician, the second woman to obtain a doctorate in pure mathematics in France after Sofia Kovalevskayathe first woman to become a full professor of mathematics in France, and an expert on fluid mechanics and abstract algebra. Marie-Louise Jacotin was the daughter of a lawyer for a French bank, and the grand-daughter through her mother of a glassblower from a family of Greek origin.

Her teachers there included Henri Lebesgue and Jacques Hadamard, and she finished her studies in With the encouragement of ENS director Ernest Vessiot she traveled to Oslo to work with Vilhelm Bjerknes, under whose influence she became interested in the mathematics of waves and the work of Tullio Levi-Civita in this subject.