Napoleon brief biography

However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia inNapoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. Inhe briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at He was the second of eight surviving children born to Carlo Buonapartea lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was not wealthy.

Napoleon later adopted a French spelling of his last name. As a boy, Napoleon attended school in mainland France, where he learned the French language, and went on to graduate from a French military academy in He then became a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment of the French army. The French Revolution began inand within three years revolutionaries had overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed a French republic.

During the early years of the revolution, Napoleon was largely on napoleon brief biography from the military and home in Corsica, where he became affiliated with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. Infollowing a clash with the nationalist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paolithe Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland France, where Napoleon returned to military duty.

In France, Napoleon became associated with Augustin Robespierrethe brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierrea Jacobin who was a key force behind the Reign of Terrora period of violence against enemies of the revolution. During this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. However, after Robespierre fell from power and was guillotined along with Augustin in JulyNapoleon was briefly put under house arrest for his ties to the napoleons brief biography. InNapoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection against the revolutionary government in Paris and was promoted to major general.

Did you know? This artifact provided the key to cracking the code of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a written language that had been dead for almost 2, years. It embodied Enlightenment principles such as equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and advancement based on virtue. But the Napoleonic Code undid some reforms of the French Revolution.

Women, for example, lost most of their newly gained rights under the new code. The law considered women minors who could not exercise the rights of citizenship. Male heads of households regained full authority over their wives and children. Again, Napoleon valued order and authority over individual rights. Emperor Napoleon abandoned plans to invade England and turned his armies against the Austro-Russian forces, defeating them at the Battle of Austerlitz on December 2, Napoleon also established the Confederation of the Rhine most of the German states of which he was protector.

Soon she delivered a son and heir to the Bonaparte Dynasty. He also added new states to the empire: the kingdom of Westphaliaunder his youngest brother Jeromethe duchy of Warsaw, and other states. The Congress of Erfurt sought to preserve the Russo-French alliance and the leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in However, on June 23,Napoleon went to war with Russia.

The French invasion of Russia defeated many Russian cities and villages, but by the napoleon brief biography they reached Moscow it was winter. Due to the Russian army's scorched earth tactics, the French found little food for themselves and their horses. Napoleon's army was unable to defeat the Russians. The Russians began to attack.

Napoleon and his army had to go back to France. The French suffered greatly in during Napoleon's retreat. Most of his soldiers never returned to France. His army was reduced to 70, soldiers and 40, stragglers, against more than three times as many Allied troops. Napoleon had no choice but to abdicate in favor of his son. However, the Allies refused to accept this.

Napoleon abdicated without conditions on April 11, Before his official abdication, Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill but it did not work. The Allies allowed Napoleon to keep an imperial title "Emperor of Elba" and an allowance of 2 million francs a year. Napoleon even requested a 21 gun salute as emperor of the island of Elba. Many delegates feared that Elba was too close to Europe to keep such a dangerous force.

Separated from his son and wife, who had come under Austrian control, cut off from the allowance guaranteed to him by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, and aware of rumours he was about to be banished to a remote island in the Atlantic OceanNapoleon escaped from Elba on February 26 He made a surprise march on March 1, to Paris. He again became ruler of France for a length of days.

Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by the British under Duke of Wellington and Prussians on June 18which was his last battle. Napoleon was again captured and taken to his second exile on the island of Saint Helena on the Atlantic Ocean. Napoleon was sent to the island of Saint Helenaoff the coast of Africa. He died on May 5 of stomach cancer.

There was even a plan to rescue him with a primitive submarine. For Lord Byron, Napoleon was the epitome of the Romantic hero, the persecuted, lonely and flawed genius. The news that Napoleon had taken up gardening at Longwood also appealed to more domestic British sensibilities. French people remain proud of Napoleon's glory days.

The Napoleonic Code reflects the modern French Constitution. Weapons and other kinds of military technology remained largely static through the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, but 18th century operational mobility underwent significant change. Napoleon's biggest influence was in the conduct of warfare. On the world stage, Napoleon's conquest spread the ideas of the revolution.

He failed to make Europe into a French Empire. Instead, he sparked nationalist feeling across Europe. Historians have many different views on Napoleon. Some historians say that he caused wars that killed many people in Europe, and therefore he was a bad ruler. ISSN X. Archived from the original on 10 February A history of the modern world.

Internet Archive. Germany, A Concise History. Blanning ; Hagen Schulze eds. Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. Oxford University Press. Brown University. Archived from the original on 31 July Retrieved 6 May Oxford: Clarendon Presspp. International Journal of Sciences. Archived PDF from the original on 6 April Franco-Batavian Relations in the Revolutionary Era, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Retrieved 30 November Napoleonic Europe. Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meanings. The Book Service Ltd. Little, Brown. The shield is surrounded by Napoleon's red Imperial mantle, filled with golden bees. The shield is topped by the Imperial crown, which sits atop a golden Imperial helmet. Surrounding the shield is the chain and pendant of the Legion d'honneur.

Crossed behind the shield are the Scepters of justice and mercy. Main article: Bibliography of Napoleon. Barnett, Correlli []. Ware: Wordsworth. Bell, David A. Napoleon: A Concise Biography. Blaufarb, Rafe Broers, Michael Napoleon: Soldier of Destiny. London: Faber and Faber. Retrieved 27 February Napoleon: The Decline and Fall of an Empire, New York: Pegasus books.

Chandler, David Leo Cooper. Kircheisen, Friedrich Cronin, Vincent Dwyer, Philip a. Napoleon: The Path to Power. Dwyer, Philip Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power Dwyer, Phillip Napoleon: Passion, Death and Resurrection, Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing. Englund, Steven Napoleon: A Political Life. Gueniffey, Patrice []. Bonaparte: — Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution.

Martin's Press. McLynn, Frank Napoleon: a Biography. London: Jonathan Cape. Price, Munro Napoleon: The End of Glory. Archived from the original on 5 December Roberts, Andrew Napoleon: A Life. Penguin Group. Zamoyski, Adam Great Britain: HarperCollins. Historiography and memory. Dwyer, Philip b. Geyl, Pieter Napoleon: For and Against. Napoleon and Wellington: the Battle of Waterloo and the Great commanders who fought it.

Amini, Iradj Napoleon and Persia. Bordes, Philippe Jacques-Louis David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Scribner. Chandler, David G. Chandler, David [].

Napoleon brief biography: Napoleon I, also called Napoléon Bonaparte,

Saturday Review Press. Cobban, Alfred A History of Modern France, Volume 2: 2nd ed. London: Penguin Books. ISBN X. Connelly, Owen Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns. Conner, Susan P. The Age of Napoleon. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Cordingly, David Dwyer, Phillip a. In Andress, David ed. The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ellis, Geoffrey a. In Aston, Nigel ed. Religious change in Europe, essays for John McManners. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Esdaile, Charles J. Esdaile, Charles Napoleon's Wars: An International History, London: Allen Lane. Flynn, George Q. Greenwood Publishing Group. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Fisher, Todd Gates, David The Napoleonic Wars, — Glover, Richard The Journal of Modern History.

Grab, Alexander Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe. Bloomsbury Publishing. Harvey, Robert Hindmarsh, J. Thomas; Savory, John Clinical Chemistry. St Andrew's University. Retrieved 18 July Roberts, Chris Heavy Words Lightly Thrown. Retrieved 28 May Schom, Alan Napoleon Bonaparte. Watson, William Tricolor and crescent. Retrieved 12 June Sicker, Martin Wells, David Penguin Books.

Napoleon at Wikipedia's sister projects. Napoleonic era timeline First French Empire. Offices and distinctions. Napoleon I of France. Directory dissolved. Consulate established. Italian Republic established. Became King. Helvetic Republic dissolved. Links to related articles. Napoleonic Wars. French Revolution. Significant civil and political events by year.

What Is the Third Estate? Charles-Alexandre Linois. William V, Prince of Orange. Luis Firmin de Carvajal Antonio Ricardos. Other significant figures and factions. Feuillants and monarchiens.

Napoleon brief biography: Napoleon Bonaparte (), also

Several family members held additional titles in vassal states. Bonaparte family. Princess Mary, Mrs. German Confederations — Napoleon I — Archduke Johann of Austria — Wilhelm I of Prussia — Otto von Bismarck — Pretenders to the French throne since Henry VI of England. Napoleon I Napoleon II. Napoleon III. Monarchs of Germany. Francis I Ferdinand I.

Archduke John of Austria Imperial Regent. Franz Joseph I. William I. French Consulate 10 November — 18 May Bonaparte First Consul. Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin. Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano. Authority control databases. Toggle the table of contents. In office 13 December — 18 May Statute Law Revision Act Preceded by French Directory.

Succeeded by Himself as Emperor. Preceded by Cisalpine Directory. Succeeded by Himself as King. Preceded by Helvetic Assembly. Mediator of the Swiss Confederation [ ] 19 February — 29 December Succeeded by Swiss Restoration. Preceded by Himself as President.

Napoleon brief biography: Napoleon I was a

Preceded by Himself as Emperor. Prince of Elba [ ] 11 April — 26 February New title Directory dissolved. Became First Consul. New title Consulate established. Became Emperor. New title Italian Republic established. President of the Italian Republic 26 January — 17 March New title Helvetic Republic dissolved. Mediator of the Swiss Confederation 19 February — 19 October New Confederation established.

Emperor of the French 18 May — 11 April King of Italy 17 March — 11 April Co-Prince of Andorra — 11 April He was a great military commander and had a lot of success early on, which endeared him to the French people. He also promised to bring stability to France, which was napoleon brief biography the people were yearning for. In the early s, France was in a state of chaos.

The people were unhappy with their government, and there were many uprisings. Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general who saw this as an opportunity to take control. He staged a coup and took over the government. Once in power, Napoleon began to restore social order. He made changes to the education system and the legal system. He also created new laws and regulations.

These changes helped to improve the lives of the people of France and bring stability to the country. Some people may say that Napoleon Bonaparte was a good ruler because he helped to modernize France and he was a very effective military leader. However, others may say that he was a bad ruler because he was a dictator and he started a lot of wars.

Napoleon Bonaparte, the French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century, is buried on the island of Saint Helena. He was exiled to Saint Helena in after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and died there in His body was first buried in a tomb on the island, and then moved to Les Invalides in Paris in However, there is evidence to suggest that Napoleon may have been taller than originally thought.

There are a number of theories as to why Napoleon Bonaparte hid his hand. One theory is that he had a deformity that he was self-conscious about. Another theory is that he had developed a skin condition that made his hand look discolored and he was embarrassed by it.

Napoleon brief biography: Napoleon Bonaparte was.

Whatever the reason, it is clear that Napoleon Bonaparte had a reason for hiding his hand and it was likely a personal one. Napoleon Bonaparte was a general during the French Revolution. He was important to the Revolution because he was able to lead the French army to many victories against the other European powers that were trying to stop the Revolution.

He was also able to take control of the government and establish himself as the leader of France. He was not elected by the people, and he did not rule with the consent of the legislature. He made all the decisions himself, and his rule was characterized by repression and terror. Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in a series of events that started with the French Revolution.