Philip iv the fair biography of rory

Inhis father died and Philip became king. Philip, seeking to reduce the wealth and power of the nobility and clergyrelied instead on skillful civil servant s, such as Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marignyto govern the kingdom. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his upstart vassals by wars and restricted their feudal privileges, paving the way for the transformation of France from a feudal country to a centralized early modern state.

Princes from his house ruled in Hungaryand he tried and failed to make another relative the Holy Roman Emperor. The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include a dispute with the English over King Edward I 's fiefs in southwestern Franceand a war with the County of Flanderswho had rebelled against French royal authority and humiliated Philip at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in The war with the Flemish resulted in Philip's ultimate victoryafter which he received a significant portion of Flemish cities, which were added to the crown lands along with a vast sum of money.

Domestically, his reign was marked by struggles with the Jews and the Knights Templar. In heavy debt to both groups, Philip saw them as a " state within the state " and a recurring threat to royal power. In Philip expelled the Jews from France, followed by the total destruction of the Knights Templar the next year in The ensuing conflict saw the pope's residence at Anagni attacked in September by French forces with the support of the Colonna family.

Boniface was captured and held hostage for a number of days. This eventually resulted in the transfer of the papal court to the enclave of Avignon in Philip saw himself in this role, which would give him control of the wealth of both orders [14]. The same year, he applied for membership of the Templars but was refused. Although discussed, Lull's proposal did not attract enough support.

Philip then adopted a different strategy and informed Clement that the Templars were guilty of all sorts of heretical beliefs and practices. When Clement did not move against the Order, he did so himself. On Friday, October 13,hundreds of Knights Templar in France were simultaneously arrested by his agents, to be later tortured into admitting heresy in the Order [15].

This is one of the reasons why Friday the 13th is seen as unlucky. The Knights Templar were a year-old military order, supposedly answerable only to the Pope. Philip accused them of defiling the crucifix by urinating on it, calling Jesus a false prophet, of sodomy, of worshipping a cat, as well as of practicing magic. Philip used his influence over Clement V, who was largely his pawn, to disband the order and remove its ecclesiastical status and protection in order to plunder it.

A modern historical view is that Philip seized the considerable Templar treasury and broke up the Templar monastic banking system. According to legend, de Molay cursed both Philip and Clement V from the flames, saying that he would summon them before God's Tribunal within a year; as it turned out, both King and Pope died within the next year. Philip IV's rule signaled the decline of the papacy's power from its near complete authority.

He died during a hunt when he was mauled by a wild boar and is buried in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son Louis X. All three of his sons reaching adulthood would become kings of France, and his daughter, as consort of Edward IIwas queen of England.

Philip iv the fair biography of rory: In this ingenious debut,

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Jostkleigrewe, Georg Strayer, Joseph The Reign of Philip the Fair. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Taylor, Craig, ed. Debating the Hundred Years War. Torre, Ignacio de la In Jochen Burgtorf; Paul F. The Debate on the Trial of the Templars — Farnham : Ashgate. Street, John C. Journal of the American Oriental Society book review.

Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict. Warner, Kathryn Isabella of France, The Rebel Queen. Wolfe, Michael Palgrave Macmillan. Woodacre, Elena The Queens Regnant of Navarre. Further reading [ edit ]. Philip III. Louis X and I. Joan I. Henry VI of England. Napoleon I Napoleon II. Napoleon III. Monarchs of Navarre. Francis Phoebus Catherine.

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Toggle the table of contents. Philip IV of France. Philip III of France. Isabella of Aragon. Charles of Valois — Isabella of France c. Joan of Valois — Preceded by Philip III. King of France — Succeeded by Louis X and I. Philip went beyond words and initiated a conspiracy against Boniface, led by his loyal minister Nogaret. InBoniface was captured and humiliated, but the pope was liberated by the people of Anagni.

However, the humiliation and subsequent mental distress led to Boniface's death. His humiliation and death had severe consequences for the papacy. InBenedict settled in Avignon, transforming the city into the papal residence. He remained obedient to the will of the French king throughout his reign. As a result of his loyalty, Benedict agreed to the suppression of the Templar Order inand inhe officially dissolved the order at Philip's request.

Philip seized all their wealth, and inGrand Master Jacques de Molay was burned at the stake, cursing the Capetian dynasty and predicting its imminent degeneration.

Philip iv the fair biography of rory: There are books referenced in the

InPhilip planned a new campaign against Flanders, where anti-French forces had become active. He called for the Estates-General in August, seeking their approval for an extraordinary war tax — the first act of taxation with the consent of representatives of the people in history. However, shortly after the approval of the tax, Philip fell seriously ill and could not lead the campaign.

On November 29,at the age of 46, Philip died in Fontainebleau, possibly from a stroke, although rumors attributed his death to Jacques de Molay's curse or poisoning by the Templars.

Philip iv the fair biography of rory: More administrative reforms were made

Philip the Fair was not well-liked by his contemporaries, and those close to him feared his rational cruelty. His policies and scandals, such as the trial of Bishop Guichard of Troyes, who was accused of killing the queen through witchcraft, or the trial of Bishop Bernard Saisset, strained relations between the king and the pope. The trial of the Templars and the imprisonment of the king's mistresses and execution of their lovers did not add to his popularity.

Moreover, his policies did not improve the economic situation, and the kingdom experienced crises and a devastating famine shortly after his death. Philip's reign was marked by discontent among the feudal lords, who felt their rights were being suppressed and the central administration, composed of commoners, was becoming too powerful. The common people also resented the increasing taxes and debasement of currency.