Pope clement vii biography summary worksheet

Just before his birth, his father visited the Florence Cathedral and was murdered. No records indicate his mother, but he spent much of his early life under the care of an architect who was also his godfather. Lorenzo the Magnificent took him in and treated him as his natural son. But the temper of the Roman people was only one element in the complex problem which Clement VII had to face.

The whole political and religious situation was one of extreme delicacy, and it may be doubted if there was one man in ten thousand who would have succeeded by natural tact and human prudence in guiding the Bark of Peter through such tempestuous waters. Clement was certainly not such a man. He had unfortunately been brought up in all the bad traditions of Italian diplomacy, and over and above this a certain fatal irresolution of character seemed to impel him, when any decision had been arrived at, to hark back upon the course agreed on and to try to make terms with the other side.

The early years of his pontificate were occupied with the negotiations which culminated in the League of Cognac. Still he used his victory with moderation. The terms of the Treaty of Madrid January 14, were not really extravagant, but Francis seems to have signed with the deliberate intention of breaking his promises, though confirmed by the most solemn of oaths.

No doubt Clement was moved by genuine patriotism in his distrust of imperial influence in Italy and especially by anxiety for his native Florence. Moreover, he chafed under dictation which seemed to him to threaten the freedom of the Church. But though he probably feared that the bonds might be drawn tighter, it is hard to see that he had at that time any serious ground of complaint.

We cannot be much surprised at what followed. These last pretended reconciliation until the papal commanders were lulled into a sense of security. Charles disavowed the action of the Colonna but took advantage of the situation created by their success. A period of vacillation followed. At one time Clement concluded a truce with the emperor, at another he turned again despairingly to the Leagueat another, under the encouragement of a slight success, he broke off negotiations with the imperial representatives and resumed active hostilities, and then again, still later, he signed a truce with Charles for eight months, promising the immediate payment of an indemnity of 60, ducats.

In the mean time the German mercenaries in the north of Italy were fast being reduced to the last extremities for lack of provisions and pay. On hearing of the indemnity of 60, ducats they threatened mutiny, and the imperial commissioners extracted from the pope the payment ofducats instead of the sum first agreed upon. This had made him an excellent close adviser to his cousin Leo X, but hampered his ability to take matters into his own hands.

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Head of the Catholic Church from to Portrait by Sebastiano del Piomboc. Paul Getty MuseumLos Angeles. FlorenceRepublic of Florence. Early life [ edit ]. Paternity of Alessandro de' Medici [ edit ]. Cardinal [ edit ]. Under Pope Leo X [ edit ]. Statesmanship [ edit ]. Armed conflicts [ edit ]. Achievements [ edit ]. Gran Maestro of Florence [ edit ].

Under Pope Adrian VI [ edit ]. Assassination plot of [ edit ]. Pope [ edit ]. Continental and Medici politics [ edit ]. Evangelization [ edit ]. Sack of Rome [ edit ]. Main article: Sack of Rome This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this message. Appearance [ edit ]. Ancona [ edit ]. English Reformation [ edit ]. Marriage of Catherine de' Medici [ edit ]. Death [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ].

Pope clement vii biography summary worksheet: Two members of the

Political legacy [ edit ]. Portrayals [ edit ]. Patronage [ edit ]. The Clementine Style [ edit ]. Character [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Cardinal Jean de Lorraine.

Pope clement vii biography summary worksheet: At present he is writing a

Giovanni Battista Orsini. Giacomo Orsini. Cardinal Achille Grassi. Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggi [ ]. Girolamo Ghinucci. Filos Roverella. Cardinal Ippolito d'Este. Silvestro de' Gigli. Cardinal Girolamo Ghinucci. References [ edit ]. Retrieved 22 October Encyclopaedia Britannica Volume 5. Reiss ISBN Philadelphia, PA: E. Retrieved 24 September The Sack of Rome, Wall Street Journal.

Online Library of Liberty. Archived from the original on 14 May Retrieved 19 January Zalta, Edward N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. National Catholic Register. Biographical Dictionary. Florida International University. Retrieved 27 January Paradox Place. Archived from the original on 15 June Early Music History. S2CID Martha and Mary Parish.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 22 June Victoria and Albert Museum. Though he was a prospect for the pontificate when Leo died inClement lost the election to Hadrian VI, the former Adrian Florensz and bishop of Utrecht. Hadrian was selected chiefly for his commitment to reform and his relationship with the emperor, whom he had served as tutor in Burgundy, but the Medici cardinal still continued his leading diplomatic role in the curia under the new pope.

Hadrian died unexpectedly less than two years after his elevation, leading to a protracted fifty-day conclave to determine his replacement. This time Clement was the candidate favored by Charles and the cardinals selected him on November 19, Bolstered by Swiss troops, Charles eventually sacked Rome in Maylaying siege to the city and desecrating many of the architectural and artistic gains made under the Renaissance popes.

He was released in Decemberbut fled the city to reside in Orvieto and Viterbo until October Reconciliation occurred only when Clement, still largely at the mercy of Charles, came to the conclusion that the Reformation in Germany and the threat of war with Ottoman forces were greater threats to them than each other.