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His mother, a devout Hindu, played a crucial role in shaping his character, instilling in him the principles of fasting, vegetarianism, and mutual tolerance among people of different religions. At the age of 13, Gandhi entered into an arranged marriage with Kasturba Makhanji in accordance with the custom of the region. This journey was not just an educational pursuit but also a transformative experience that exposed him to Western ideas of democracy and individual freedom.

Despite facing challenges, such as adjusting to a new culture and overcoming financial difficulties, Gandhi managed to pass his examinations. His time in London was significant, as he joined the London Vegetarian Society and began to form the ethical underpinnings of his later political campaigns. Mahatma Gandhi was deeply rooted in Hinduism, drawing inspiration from the Hindu god Vishnu and other religious texts like the Bhagavad Gita.

However, his approach to religion was broad and inclusive, embracing ideas and values from various faiths, including Christianity and Islam, emphasizing the universal search for truth. This eclectic approach allowed him to develop a personal philosophy that stressed the importance of truth, non-violence ahimsaand self-discipline. Gandhi believed in living a simple life, minimizing possessions, and being self-sufficient.

He also advocated for the equality of all shwebomin biography of mahatma beings, irrespective of caste or religion, and placed great emphasis on the power of civil disobedience as a way to achieve social and political goals. His beliefs were not just theoretical; they were practical principles that guided his actions and campaigns against British rule in India.

His commitment to non-violence and truth was also not just a personal choice but a political strategy that proved effective against British rule. His unique approach to civil disobedience and non-violent protest influenced not only the course of Indian history but also civil rights movements around the world. Among his notable achievements was the successful challenge against British salt taxes through the Salt March ofwhich galvanized the Indian population against the British government.

Gandhi was instrumental in the discussions that led to Indian independence inalthough he was deeply pained by the partition that followed. His methods of peaceful resistance have inspired countless individuals and movements, including Martin Luther King Jr. He went there to work as a legal representative for an Indian firm. Initially, Gandhi planned to stay in South Africa for a year, but the discrimination and injustice he witnessed against the Indian community there changed his path entirely.

He faced racism firsthand when he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg station for refusing to move from a first-class carriage, which was reserved for white passengers. This incident was crucial, marking the beginning of his fight against racial segregation and discrimination. Gandhi decided to stay in South Africa to fight for the rights of the Indian community, organizing the Natal Indian Congress in to combat the unjust laws against Indians.

His work in South Africa lasted for about 21 years, during which he developed and refined his principles of non-violent protest and civil disobedience. In response, Gandhi organized a mass protest meeting and declared that Indians would defy the law and suffer the consequences rather than submit to it. This was the beginning of the Satyagraha movement in South Africa, which aimed at asserting the truth through non-violent resistance.

This philosophy was deeply influenced by his religious beliefs and his experiences in South Africa.

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He believed that the moral high ground could compel oppressors to change their ways without resorting to shwebomin biography of mahatma. He has invented a completely new and humane means for the liberation war of an oppressed country, and practised it with greatest energy and devotion. The moral influence he had on the consciously thinking human being of the entire civilised world will probably be much more lasting than it seems in our time with its overestimation of brutal violent forces.

Because lasting will only be the work of such statesmen who wake up and strengthen the moral power of their people through their example and educational works. We may all be happy and grateful that destiny gifted us with such an enlightened contemporary, a role model for the generations to come. Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood.

Farah Omara political activist from Somalilandvisited India inwhere he met Gandhi and was influenced by Gandhi's non-violent philosophy, which he adopted in his campaign in British Somaliland. Lanza del Vasto went to India in intending to live with Gandhi; he later returned to Europe to spread Gandhi's philosophy and founded the Community of the Ark in modelled after Gandhi's ashrams.

Madeleine Slade known as "Mirabehn" was the daughter of a British admiral who spent much of her adult life in India as a devotee of Gandhi. In addition, the British musician John Lennon referred to Gandhi when discussing his views on nonviolence. His reply was in response to the question: "Who was the one person, dead or live, that you would choose to dine with?

He inspired Dr. King with his message of nonviolence. He ended up doing so much and changed the world just by the power of his ethics. Gandhi's ideas had a significant influence on 20th-century philosophy. It began with his engagement with Romain Rolland and Martin Buber. Jean-Luc Nancy said that the French philosopher Maurice Blanchot engaged critically with Gandhi from the point of view of "European spirituality.

American political scientist Gene Sharp wrote an analytical text, Gandhi as a political strategiston the significance of Gandhi's ideas, for creating nonviolent social change. Recently, in the light of climate change, Gandhi's views on technology are gaining importance in the fields of environmental philosophy and philosophy of technology.

Time magazine named Gandhi the Man of the Year in Nelson Mandelathe leader of South Africa's struggle to eradicate racial discrimination and segregation, was a prominent non-Indian recipient. InGandhi was posthumously awarded with the World Peace Prize. Gandhi did not receive the Nobel Peace Prizealthough he was nominated five times between andincluding the first-ever nomination by the American Friends Service Committee[ ] though Gandhi made the short list only twice, in and That year, the committee chose not to award the peace prize stating that "there was no suitable living candidate", and later research shows that the possibility of awarding the prize posthumously to Gandhi was discussed and that the reference to no suitable living candidate was to Gandhi.

Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question. Indians widely describe Gandhi as the Father of the Nation. India, with its rapid economic modernisation and urbanisation, has rejected Gandhi's economics [ ] but accepted much of his politics and continues to revere his memory. Reporter Jim Yardley notes that "modern India is hardly a Gandhian nation, if it ever was one.

His vision of a village-dominated economy was shunted aside during his lifetime as rural romanticism, and his call for a national ethos of personal austerity and nonviolence has proved antithetical to the goals of an aspiring economic and military power. Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is a national holiday in IndiaGandhi Jayanti. His image also appears on paper currency of all denominations issued by Reserve Bank of Indiaexcept for the one rupee note.

There are three temples in India dedicated to Gandhi. Gandhi's children and grandchildren live in India and other countries. Grandson Rajmohan Gandhi is a professor in Illinois and an author of Gandhi's biography titled Mohandas[ ] while another, Tarun Gandhi, has authored several authoritative books on his grandfather. Another grandson, Kanu Ramdas Gandhi the son of Gandhi's third son Ramdaswas found living at an old age home in Delhi despite having taught earlier in the United States.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Indian independence activist — For other uses, see Gandhi disambiguation. New DelhiDominion of India. British Raj until Dominion of India from Leadership of the campaign for India's independence from British rule Nonviolent resistance.

Kasturba Gandhi. Harilal Manilal Ramdas Devdas. Karamchand Gandhi Putlibai Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi's voice. Early life and background. Vegetarianism and committee work. Civil rights activist in South Africa — Europeans, Indians and Africans.

Shwebomin biography of mahatma: Burma's main opposition party,

Struggle for Indian independence — See also: Indian independence movement. Main article: Champaran Satyagraha. Main article: Kheda Satyagraha. Main article: Khilafat Movement. Main article: Non-co-operation movement. Main article: Salt Satyagraha. Main article: Quit India Movement. Partition and independence. See also: Indian independence movement and Partition of India.

Main article: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Principles, practices, and beliefs. Main article: Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi. See also: Gandhism. Followers and international influence. Global days that celebrate Gandhi. Film, theatre, and literature. Current impact within India. Not to be confused with the Indian political family Nehru—Gandhi family.

Retrieved 24 January P Mahatma Gandhi A Chronology. Publications Division. ISBN The Floating Press. Archived from the original on 29 March Retrieved 29 March Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 21 July Identity and Religion: Foundations of anti-Islamism in India. Sage Publications. Mohandas Gandhi. Infobase Publishing.

The name Gandhi means "grocer", although Mohandas's father and grandfather were politicians not grocers. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 15 July The Ways and Power of Love: types, factors, and techniques of moral transformation. Templeton Foundation Press. Gandhi: The Traditional Roots of Charisma. University of Chicago Press.

Retrieved 19 March Responses to Questions on Hinduism. Paulist Press. Retrieved 16 August Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. John Zavos; et al. Public Hinduisms. Orissa Review January : 45— Archived from the original PDF on 1 January Retrieved 23 February The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Archived from the original on 7 March Retrieved 20 February Gandhi, his life and message for the world.

New American Library. Retrieved 4 June Gandhi Before India. Alfred A. Archived from the original on 2 July Nanda Archived from the original on 13 May Retrieved 3 June India Currents. Archived from the original on 16 January Retrieved 16 January Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 15 May Mahatma: Tendulkar, Mahatma; life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 11 August Gandhi — ".

Shwebomin biography of mahatma: 2. B. B. Veselovskiy, op. ·

Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 26 September In Roxanne Reid ed. New History of South Africa 1st ed. The Journal of Modern African Studies. ISSN X. JSTOR S2CID Mawenzi House Publishers Limited. Archived from the original on 17 March Retrieved 17 March Archived from the original on 9 September Retrieved 17 September Gandhi: a very short introduction.

Oxford University Press. Other Places Publishing. Press Information Bureau of India — Archive. Archived PDF from the original on 28 September Retrieved 18 July Concept Publishing Company. The Literature Network. Archived from the original on 10 November Retrieved 12 February Mathai; M. John; Siby K. Joseph eds. Meditations on Gandhi : a Ravindra Varma festschrift.

New Delhi: Concept. Retrieved 8 September Univ of California Press. Retrieved 15 November Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved 5 July Stanford University Press. University of California Press. The Wire. Archived from the original on 25 December Retrieved 11 January Minorities and the State in Africa. Cambria Press. Archived from the original on 7 September Retrieved 7 September Retrieved 25 December The Times of India.

ISSN Archived from the original on 15 April Philosophy Now. Archived from the original on 24 March South African Historical Journal. Archived from the original on 2 May Retrieved 20 January Political Science Quarterly. Based on public domain volumes. Day-to-day with Gandhi: secretary's diary. Translated by Hemantkumar Nilkanth. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan.

Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine Chapter " Appeal for enlistment", Nadiad, 22 June Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine "Chapter 8. Letter to J. Maffey", Nadiad, 30 April Satyagraha Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 5 February Jarboe University of Nebraska. Archived from the original on 21 October Retrieved 16 October Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.

Indian National Congress website. All India Congress Committee. Archived from the original on 6 December Retrieved 25 February Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics — Bloomsbury Academic. Archived from the original on 3 February Retrieved 3 February The First World War. Paine Jinnah vs. Rabindranath Tagore heavily criticized Gandhi at the time in private letters They reveal Tagore's belief that Gandhi had committed the Indian political nation to a cause that was mistakenly anti-Western and fundamentally negative.

Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Psychology Press. Ahmed Retrieved 18 April Orient Blackswan. Archived from the original on 10 July Retrieved 25 August He was arrested on 10 March and was sentenced to prison for six years. Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy. Modern India: — Wipf and Stock Publishers. Archived from the original on 5 October Retrieved 6 August Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.

Also available at Wikisource. Indian Politics and Society since Independence: events, processes and ideology. Retrieved 4 April Sahitya Akademi. Gandhi and Gandhi and the Mass Movement. New Delhi. Indian Historical Review. City University of New York Press. Gandhi and the Mass Movement. Mahatma Gandhi. Evans Brothers. Retrieved 5 January Hogg Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations.

English Heritage. Archived from the original on 28 September Archived from the original on 2 October Dirks Princeton University Press. Allied Publishers. Jawaharlal Nehru, A Biography. Archived from the original on 27 May Retrieved 27 May Orissa Review. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India.

Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the km mi Dandi Salt March inand later in calling for the British to Quit India in He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India.

He realized that people had to be trained for non violent agitation. InGandhiji took to wearing loin cloth to identify himself with poor masses and to propagate khadi, hand spun cloth. He also started Swadeshi movement, advocating the use of commodities made in the country. He asked the Indians to boycott foreign cloth and promote hand spun khadi thus creating work for the villagers.

He devoted himself to the shwebomin biography of mahatma of Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchablity, equality of women and men, and khadi. These were important issues in his agenda of constructive shwebomin biography of mahatma — essential programmes to go with Satyagraha. This was an important non violent movement of Indian freedom struggle.

He broke the law, which had deprived the poor man of his right to make salt. This simple act was immediately followed by a nation-wide defiance of the law. Gandhiji was arrested on May 4. Within weeks thousands of men and women were imprisoned, challenging the authority of the colonial rulers. In MarchGandhi-Irwin Pact was signed to solve some constitutional issues, and this ended the Civil Disobedience.

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The talks however were unsuccessful. In SeptemberGandhiji faced the complex issue of the British rulers agreeing for the separate electorates for untouchables. He went on fast to death in protest and concluded only after the British accepted Poona Pact. Inhe started weekly publication of Harijan replacing Young India. In Gandhiji launched an individual Satyagraha.